Fort Rotterdam

http://www.google.co.id/imgres?q=rotterdam

Fort Rotterdam is also known as Benteng Makassar. It is one example of the     past kingdom of Sulawesi’s greatness. The Gowa Kingdom was the strongest and the most glorious kingdom during the 16th century. At the time, Makassar was known as a trading city.
Viewed from the sea, the Kingdom of Gowa, was completely fortified. This kingdom possessed 17 forts protected the city and surrounding area. In the year of 1669, when Gowa was under the power of the Dutch, all forts but Fort Makassar were destroyed. Fort Makassar was built in 1545 by the Xth King of Gowa. His name is I Marigau. Daeng Bonto Karaeng Lakiung, also known as Karaeng Tunipallangga Ulaweng. The basic form of this fort is a square with Portuguese architecture. It was made of clay based on the model of the European forts during the 16th and 17th century, with the additional triangle protrusion added to the basic form of the fort, making it looks like a turtle shape. This identifies the Gowa Kingdom as a maritime kingdom. This fort was as the protector of the capital city Makassar.

During the Dutch colonialism, the fort was rebuilt and renamed “Fort Rotterdam”. In that period, the fort and its area was the center of the government and commerce activities. During the Japanese colonialism the fort functioned as the center of archeological and language studies.
At present, the buildings in the fort are utilized by the Pre-historic and Historic Preservation Affairs (Suaka Peninggalan Sejarah dan Purbakala), Cultural Center (Arts, dance music, etc.) including the public museum. This museum displays and preserves various historical objects, manuscripts, statues, ceramics, traditional clothes, and other cultural objects from the ethnics groups in South Sulawesi.

Source:http://celebestourism.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=95:fortrotterdam&catid=38:slideshow 

Vocabullaries: 

1.    Kingdom (Verb) : Kerajaan.
2.    Glorios (Adjective): Mulia/ Berjaya.
3.    Trading (Noun): Perdagangan.
4.    Fortified (Verb): Diperkaya.
5.    Possessed (Verb): Memiliki.
6.    Fort (Noun):Benteng.
7.    Destroyed (Verb): Dihancurkan.
8.    Clay (Noun): Tanah Liat.
9.    Protrusion (Noun): Tonjolan.
10.    Utilized (Verb): Dimanfaatkan.


Communicative Purpose
To describe a particular person, place or thing.
Generic Structure
a.     Identification     : identifies phenomenon to be described.
b.     Description     : describes parts, qualities, characters. 

Exercise 1 

Choose T if the statement is true and F if it is false based on to the text.
1. T – F Karaeng Tunipallangga Ulaweng is other name from Daeng Bonto Karaeng Lakiung who was built Fort Rotterdam.
2. T – F The shape of Rotterdam (Turtle shape) is the symbol of the brave of Gowa Kingdom.
3. T – F The name of Fort Rotterdam was renamed by Dutchman. 
4. T – F Fort Rotterdam always functioned as cultural center in each period of time.
5. T – F Now, Makassar is well known as a trading city.

Exercise 2 

Answer the following questions below based on the text above.
1.    What is the kind of the text?
2.    What is the purpose of the text above?
3.    Where is the Fort Rotterdam located?
4.    What happened to Fort Rotterdam during the Dutch colonialism?
5.    What are the functions of Fort Rotterdam during the Japanese colonialism?
6.     Fort Rotterdam is like a turtle shape, what does it mean?
7.     How important is Fort Rotterdam to South Sulawesi regency right now?

ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB

Adjective

Adjectives, atau kata sifat, adalah kata-kata yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan atau menggambarkan noun (kata benda) atau menceritakan lebih tentang benda tersebut. Misalnya: Glorious, beautiful, dsb.
Contoh :
Prabu is a careful driver. (Prabu seorang pengendara yang hati-hati.)
She drives me crazy. (Dia membuat saya gila.)
Find out all adjectives from the text above.
1.    ……………………………………………
2.    ……………………………………………
3.    ……………………………………………

Adverb

Adverb (kata keterangan atau kata tambahan) adalah kata yang dipakai untuk menerangkan bagian dari tata bahasa (part of speech) yang mana saja, kecuali kata benda dan kata ganti.
Contoh :
    She speak English fluently.

Find out all adverbs from the text above.
1.    …………………………………………
2.    …………………………………………
3.    …………………………………………

Tanjung Bira (Bira Cape)

http://www.google.co.id/imgres?q=tanjung+Bira&hl

Tanjung Bira is famous with beautiful and pleasant white sand beach. It is clean and neatly organized and its beauty and pleasantness are well known even by Foreign countries. Visit the beach for enjoying their holidays. In the background soar up the “Puang Janggo” mountain with more than 400 m of height and it can be reach around 40 minutes by hiking.
Tanjung Bira is located on the southern most of south Sulawesi Province. It lies in Bonto Bahari Sub-district, Bulukumba District. It is about 40 km away from Bulukumba city. Bira or Tanjung Bira is one of the tourism and marine tourism in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi.  And it’s about 5-6 hours from Makassar the capital city of South Sulawesi.
Tanjung Bira is famous tourism and marine object both for local and foreign tourist with beautiful and pleasant with sand beach. Facing the ocean and background sour up the “Puang Janggo” mountain with the more than 400 m of height make this place ideal for visitor stop for holiday and vacation trip in Sulawesi. The beauty and the comfort of the beach are well known to the world and to all foreign tourists from many different countries who visited this place for a vacation.
Tanjung Bira beach is totally bewitching beach whose white sand is like wheat flour spread along the seashore. You can do activities such as diving, swimming, sunbathing, and snorkeling. You can also watch the sunset or sunrise in the same position. In addition, the enchantment of Liukang Beach and Kambing Island located in the transmarine of the beach will amaze you during the visit to the destination.
Beside the beach, snorkeling, diving, and swimming, you can also take time to visit the local wooden boat industry in Tana Beru Village or in Ara, the famous Pinisi boat from the local Bugis-Makassar people. They receive boat order from Indonesian or overseas market due to the beautiful design and quite some foreigner here and there seems to monitor the progress of the boat making they seems to have ordered.
Night at the Bira is always romantic. Lying on the beach, enjoying the sound of pounding waves, while see the shining star up there. By the middle of the night, you can interact with fisherman. Buy some fresh fish or other sea foods than roast it and also you can enjoy the fishing traditional boats are parked in other side of beach.
 

Source: http://www.sulawesi-experience.com/bulukumba-tourism.html

Vocabullaries:
a.    Neatly        (Adverb)        : Dengan rapi.
b.    Pleasant    (Adjective)        : Menyenangkan.
c.    Soar up    (Verb)            : Membumbung tinggi.
d.    Marine        (Verb)            : Laut.
e.    Trip        (Verb)            : Perjalanan.
f.    Enchantment    (Noun)        : Pesona.
g.    Bewitch    (Verb)            : Mempesona.
h.    Seashore    (Noun)        : Pantai laut.
i.    Destination    (Noun)        : Tujuan.
j.    Wooden    (Adjective)        : Terbuat dari kayu.

Communicative Purpose
To describe a particular person, place or thing.
Generic Structure
a.     Identification     : identifies phenomenon to be described.
b.     Description     : describes parts, qualities, characters.

Exercise 1 

Answer the following questions based on the above text.
1.    What does the text mainly talks about?
2.    What is the kind of the text?
3.    What is the communicative purpose of the text?
4.    In the second paragraph, the writer describes about….
5.    Besides the beach, what are another interesting activities that we can do in Bira cape?
6.    Where is the Bira cape located?
7.    Do you know the “Puang Janggo? Explain it!



Expressions of Agreement and Disagreement 

Expressions of Agreement    

• I agree with what you said
• I agree with you.
• Well, if you say so.
• I agree ....
• I think so.
• I am with you.  

Expressions of Disagreement

• Yes, but don't you think ...?
• Yes, I see but ....
• I don' think so.
• I quite disagree ....
• Sorry, I have to say "No".

Exercise 2 

Complete these dialogues with appropriate expressions.
1.     Ardillah asked Dian about her opinion of Bira cape. 

Ardillah     :     What do you think about Bira cape?
Dian     :   _________________________
 

2.     Dian expose her opinion about Bira cape and Ardillah agree with her opinion 

Dian        : We have visited Bira cape last month, I see that it such really beautiful cape.
Ardillah    : ___________________________

3.     Ardillah and Dian were discussing about Bira cape. Both of them are different in exposing their opinion.
Ardillah     : I think you agree that Bira is such interesting place to visit. I decide to go there for our vacation next month.
Dian         :     Oh no ___________________________. We have gone there in our last vacation, and I think it’s too far.
Ardillah     :    Yes. But don’t you think that we will get more fun to visit it twice?
Dian        : Sorry, I have to say “No”.
 

4.     Ardillah     :    Kete’ Kesu is one of very interesting place to be visited in Toraja. How about in Bulukumba, do you know the tourism destination there?
Dian     :    Samalona Island, Right?

Ardillah    :    No. ___________________________ with you. Samalona Island located in Makassar, it is not in Bulukumba. I think it is Bira cape.

Life and Death in Tana Toraja, Indonesia

http://www.google.co.id/imgres?q=baby+grave+kambira&hl

 “We bury the babies in this tree so the wind can waft away their souls”, explained Stefan, our local guide, as we stared up at the baby-grave tree in Kembira, Sulawesi. Its trunk was patch-worked with little niches, each the poignant final resting place of a baby, dead before cutting its first tooth. Death and burial, ruled by a complex set of long-established customs, are an ever-present feature of life in Tana Toraja, an isolated, supposedly Christian, though, in fact, predominantly animist community in the centre of this little-known, octopus-shaped, Muslim island in Eastern Indonesia.
Arriving in Tana Toraja was like stumbling upon a lost valley. Hidden behind a steep wall of mountains and unknown to Europeans until the twentieth century, its peaceful, pastoral landscape could, at first glance, be taken for Austria: green fields dotted with steep-roofed houses and  animals grazing against a backdrop of misty mountains.  On closer inspection though you see buffaloes, not cows, wallowing in lush rice-fields and houses that are not exactly your typical Alpine chalets.  They are called “tongkonan”  and are lavishly carved and painted black, red and orange in intricate patterns.  Their curved roofs soar skywards, symbolizing  the prows of the ships that carried distant ancestors to the island long ago. They can be neither bought nor sold but pass from generation to generation. The older ones proudly display rows of buffalo horns. Why? I found out as soon as I attended my first funeral.
Funerals are without doubt the main event in the Torajan social calendar. They can last up to a week and no expense is spared. Local people are proud to welcome outsiders to their family funerals and, on my third day in this mysterious land, I found myself, just outside the small market town of Rantepao,  following a procession of female mourners. The women carried a long train of red cloth above their heads and were led by the next-of-kin, a gentle-looking, slim young woman. She was dressed in red, the color of death in Sulawesi, with a brightly-colored beaded yoke across her shoulders and matching sash round her waist. At the head of the procession the coffin was bounced and jostled along in an atmosphere that would make an Irish wake seem positively somber. Later I watched, entranced, as the men, slightly merry by then from   palm-wine, or “tuak”, joined hands to form a circle and chanted the life-story of the deceased, whilst swaying in slow rotation. This circle of life paused as each man in turn sang his own short, personal tribute and was then joined by the rest in a kind of group chorus. Despite my western cynicism, I found it surprisingly moving.
I could have done with a few stiff tuaks myself later when it was time for the sacrifices. A fierce-looking individual wielding a machete stepped forward from the crowd and got straight down to work. He certainly looked the part with his patterned bandanna and his droopy moustache. I knew what was coming. The buffalo tied to a post in the centre of the muddy clearing had been struggling helplessly for a while. It seemed to know too. The machete swung and the beast dropped to its knees, twitching as blood gushed from the gaping hole in its throat. Once all life had drained from it, its flesh was swiftly chopped into pieces and shared amongst the guests.
The sacrifices seem brutal  to European eyes but to Torajans are a simple demonstration of social prestige. Hence the buffalo horns, accumulated over generations, which embellish the older tongkonans, bearing witness to years of family status. These important social events cannot take place until the family has saved enough money for the considerable expense entailed. The high cost of buffaloes, the status symbol of Torajan society, as well as catering for numerous family members who return from far and wide to attend, means it can be anything up to three years before it finally goes ahead. During this time, Stefan explained, the deceased continues to “live” in the family home, considered sick but still part of family life. When the big day finally arrives, all tears have been shed and the only wish is to provide a good send-off .
Had the babies at Kembira lived longer, they too would have been honored in this way, eventually joining the “tau-tau”. These are haunting, life-sized wooden effigies of the dead, perched high in the cliffs. They stand in rows in galleries cut into the rock at a height which reflects their social status when alive. They stare out across the rice-fields like eerily passive opera-goers watching a performance from their boxes. Torajans believe they protect their villages from evil. I saw them at Lemo, to the south, some touchingly adorned with what, in life, had been a favorite garment or piece of jewelry. Apparently tradition dictates that the installation of a new figure must be accompanied by the sacrifice of 29 buffaloes and 59 pigs, a grisly scene I doubt I could stomach.
Although many of the sights of  Tana Toraja might seem rather macabre - as well as attending funerals, you can visit ancient tombs full of dusty, boat-shaped coffins, spilling bones and skulls - there is no doubt that they give a unique insight into this fascinating ethnic group.
Another, quite different attraction is the spectacularly beautiful countryside, where the wide, unpolluted skies are reflected in the endless, glistening rice paddies. In Torajan culture rice has an almost mystical importance. You sense it as you watch people busy in the fields, engrossed in the timeless cycle of planting, harvesting and drying it, all by hand, before storing it in rice-barns, which are a scaled-down version of the tongkonans and every bit as elaborate.
As my stay among these hospitable people drew to an end, I pondered what I had learnt about their magical philosophy, their constant efforts to balance the opposing forces of life and death, their rituals revering what is from the east and hence " life-giving" whilst fearing what comes from the west and is therefore "death-causing". I was just glad that I, as a western visitor, was not included in that category and had been allowed to be the privileged observer of the expression of such unique spiritual beliefs.
 

Source: http://www.transitionsabroad.com/listings/travel/narrative_travel_writing/life_and_death_in_tana_toraja_indonesia.shtml
 

Vocabullaries

a.    Poignant    (Adjective)        : Pedih/perih.
b.    Burial        (Adjective)        : Penguburan/pemakaman.
c.    Funeral    (Noun)        : Pemakaman.
d.    Coffin        (Verb)            : Peti mayat.
e.    Bounce        (Verb)            : Melambungkan/melempar  ke atas.
f.    Swiftly        (Adverb)        : Dengan cepat.
g.    Spectacularly    (Adverb)        : Secara luar biasa.
h.    Ancient    (Adjective)        : Kuno.
i.    Honor        (Noun)        : Kehormatan.
j.    Privileged    (Adjective)        : Yang mempunyai hak-hak istimewa.

Recount Text 

a.    Communicative Purpose    
To tell the reader what happened in the past through a sequence of events.
b.    Text Organizaton   
1.    Orientation (who were involved in the story, when, and where)
2.    Events (tell what happened in a choronological order)
3.    Evaluation (comments of the writer/speaker about the experience)
4.    Re-orientation (optional)

The conclusion of the experience
c.    Language Features
1.    The use of pronouns
2.    The use of past tense                
 

Subject Pronoun
E.g.    a.    We bury the baby in this tree.
          b.    It is such a peaceful place for babies.
    Find another subject pronoun based on the text above.
    c.    …………………………………….
    d.    …………………………………….
    e.    …………………………………….
Object Pronoun
E.g.    a.    I found it surprisingly moving.
          b.    Stefan explained me about the baby grave.
    Find another object pronoun based on the text above.
    c.     …………………………………….
    d.    …………………………………….
    e.    …………………………………….
Possessive Adjective
E.g.    a.    Its trunk was patch-worked with little niches
          b.    He certainly looked the part with his patterned
    Find another possessive adjective based on the text above.
    c.    …………………………………….
    d.    …………………………………….
    e.    …………………………………….
Possessive Pronoun
E.g.    a.    The traditional burial heritage, it is really ours.
    Find another possessive pronoun based on the text above.
   b.    …………………………………..

Simple Past Tense 

Kalimat Verbal
S + Verb 2
Kalimat nominal
S + to be (was/were) + C

Function:
1.    State something happened in the past.
2.    State the habitual action in the past and it is not as habit in the present time.

Examples of verbal sentence:
1.    I found out as soon as I attended my first funeral.
2.    The buffalo tied to a post in the centre of the muddy
Find out others verbal past tense on the text above. 

3.    …………………………………………….
4.    …………………………………………….
5.    …………………………………………….


Examples of nominal sentence:
1. The visitor was not include in that category..

2.  Its trunk was patch-worked with little niches.

Find out others nominal sentence of past tense on the text above.

3.    ……………………………………………….

4.    ……………………………………………….

5.    ……………………………………………….

Tourist Attractions in Tana Toraja

http://www.google.co.id/imgres?q=rumah+adat+toraja&num

Tana Toraja or Toraja is one of the beautiful regency in South Sulawesi, let alone in Indonesia. From the distance, one can see the gadget ridge of the hill stretching side by side along the slop of the mountains. Moreover, one can be also find many beautiful valleys in which bamboo and sugar palms are growing and the traditional houses with curved roof among the paddy field, beautiful and naturally carved and colored by the skillful people of Toraja.
    Before the Dutch came to power in this highland in 20th century, there was not a single word given for the name of their religion except for the word ‘aluk’ means ‘the way’ which refers to ritual and daily life activities that are to be controlled, like how to build a house, to cook rice, to greet children, and the head of village, and the number of buffaloes and pigs that must be slaughtered in every ritual ceremony.
    More than half of the people of Toraja are Christians, but they are proud of their cultural heritage and uphold it. This can be seen when they welcome the guests ritually.
    The Torajan people had little notion of themselves as a distinct ethnic group before the 20th century. Before Dutch colonization and Christianization, Torajans, who lived in highland areas, identified with their villages and did not share broad sense of identity. Although complexes of rituals created linkages between highland villages, there were variations in dialects, differences on social hierarchies, and an array of ritual practices in the Sulawesi highland region. “Toraja” (from the coastal language ‘to’ meaning people and ‘riaja’ meaning uplands) was first used as a lowlander expression for highlanders.
    As a result, “Toraja” initially had more currency with outsiders such as the Bugis and Makassarese, who constitute a majority of the lowland of Sulawesi than with insiders. The Dutch missionaries presence in the highland gave rise to the Toraja ethnic consciousness in the Sa’dan Toraja region, and this shared identity grew with the rise of tourism in the Tana Toraja regency. Since then, south Sulawesi has four main ethnic groups the Bugis (the majority, including shipbuilders and seafarers),the Makassarese (lowland traders and seafarers), the mandarese (traders and fisherman) and the Toraja (highland rice cultivators).
 

Source: http://www.sulawesi-experience.com/toraja-tourism-guide.html

Vocabullaries

a.    Regency    (Noun)        : Daerah.
b.    Ridge        (Noun)        : Pegunungan.
c.    Curve        (Verb)            : Membengkokkan.
d.    Carve        (Verb)            : Mengukir/memahat.
e.    Slaughter    (Verb/Noun)        : Menyembelih/Penyembelihan.
f.    Heritage    (Noun)        : Budaya.
g.    Uphold        (Verb)            : Menegakkan.
h.    Linkage    (Noun)        : Hubungan/pertalian.
i.    Currency    (Noun)        : Peredaran.
j.    Consciousness    (Noun)        : Kesadaran.

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Communicative Purpose
To describe a particular person, place or thing.
Generic Structure
a.     Identification     : identifies phenomenon to be described.
b.     Description     : describes parts, qualities, characters.
 

Exercise 1 

Choose T if the statement is true and F if it is false based on to the text.
1. T – F Torajan people slaughtered buffaloes and pigs In every ritual of ceremony.
2. T – F Less than half of the people of Toraja are Christians.
3. T – F Toraja is include of lowland region of South Sulawesi.
4. T – F Except Toraja, there are three main ethnic groups in South Sulawesi.
5. T – F The name of “Toraja” was from the name of a great ancestor that means “struggle”.

Exercise 2 

Answer the following questions based on the above text.
1.    What is the kind of the text?
2.    What is the purpose of the text above?
3.    What is the main idea of the first paragraph of the text above?
4.     Explain about Torajan People religion before 20th century!
5.     There are 4 kind’s ethnic groups in South Sulawesi, what are the groups?
    

Adverb

A.    Adverb of Place
Adalah adverb yang menerangkan tempat dimana suatu peristiwa/kejadian dilakukan. Adverb of place menjawab pertanyaan “where”. Adverbs of place misalnya : here, there, everywhere, at home, in the office, dll.
B.    Adverb of time
Adalah adverb yang menerangkan waktu kapan sesuatu peristiwa/kejadian dilakukan. Adverb of time menjawab pertanyaan “When” atau “What time”. Adverbs of time, misalnya: today, now, yesterday, tomorrow, dll.
C.    Adverb of Manner
Adalah adverb yang menerangkan cara bagaimana/dengan jalan bagaimana sesuatu terjadi atau dilakukan. Adverb of manner menjawab pertanyaan “How”. Adverbs of manner, misalnya : slowly, quickly, happily, fluently, dll.
D.    Adverbs of Degree
Adalah adverb yang menerangkan dalam tingkatan bagaimana sesuatu dilakukan. Misalnya: little, rather (agak), quite (sangat), very (sangat), extremely (luar biasa), dll.
E.    Adverb of Frequency
Adalah adverb yang menerangkan seberapa sering suatu kegiatan dilakukan. Misalnya: always, usually, sometimes, often, rarely, dll.

Exercise 3 

Make the adverb from adjectives in brackets!
Example: He speaks English ______ (fluent).
     He speaks English fluently.
1.    The Torajan welcome their guests ______(greet).
2.    The Torajan ________ (proud) still uphold their cultural heritage.
3.    They works ______(hard) for their burial.
4.    In the caremony, they will sing __________(loud) and dance __________(happy).
5.    Buffalloes and pigs will be slaughtered _______(ritual) .

Exercise 4  

Make wh- questions from the following sentences based on the text above. The questions are based on the underlined words.
Examples:    Danny went to his room.
        Where did Danny go?
1.    Toraja is one of the beautiful regency in South Sulawesi.
2.    The traditional houses of Toraja is naturally carved by the skillful people of Toraja.
3.    The Torajan people welcome the guests ritually.
4.    Buffaloes and pigs must be slaughtered in every ritual ceremony.
5.    “Torajan” initially had more currency with outsiders such as the Bugis and Makassarese.

Bone Tourism Travel Guide and Tourist Information

http://www.google.co.id/imgres?q=bola+soba+bone&num

    Bone is one of the strongest and largest kingdom that once existed in South Sulawesi, call it Bone Kingdom. The capital city is Watampone. The graveyard of the king of the 17th century located on Jalan Bukaka, a road leading to sengkang regency, is considered quite important to be visited. The type of the grave is similar to those of the King Gowa.
    Bone regency located 174 km towards the eastern city of Makassar, it has a strategic position in the trade of goods and services at eastern Indonesia and the crossings to the South East Sulawesi and also known as the place of the biggest rice production in south Sulawesi.
 

The boundaries area of Bone Regency is
1.    Wajo and Soppeng at Northern.
2.    Sinjai and Gowa at Southern.
3.    Pangkep, Barru and Maros at west.
Watampone tourism travel and tourist attractions popular destinations can be enumerated as below:
Bola Soba
Bola Soba is the house of war commander called “Petta Punggawa” who lived a long time ago. The house is still preserved under serious care and control.
Surrounding the house, we are able to see some of the old traditions that are still strongly practiced, such as “Pencak Massampe, Ma’pere, Serewa Sirau Sulo” and other traditional dances.
Museum of Saoraja Lapawawoi
In this museum, a great amount of kingdom remnants are carefully preserved, structured, and strongly controlled; including the war weapon that were used by Arung Palakka. Some activities are frequently held in this museum like “Mattompang Arajang” (the purify of the kingdom remnants ceremony), followed by the activity called “Mattoana Arajang” which is usually marked by Bissu Dance and such ritual the people “present dishes to the holy spirits”.
Mampu Cave
This is one of the large caves in South Sulawesi, about 700 m wide. It located about 34 KM from Watampone. Mampu cave is an attractive cave with natural decorations of dangling stalagtites and stalagmites that resemble human figures. The caves is well ventilated and let in enough sunlight, that is not so dark and humid.
 

Source: http://www.sulawesi-experience.com/bone-tourism.html

 

Vocabullaries
a.    Consider    (Verb)            : Mempertimbangkan.
b.    Crossing    (Noun)        : Penyebrangan/ pelintasan.
c.    Boundary    (Noun)        : Batas.
d.    Enumerate    (Verb)            : Menyebutkan.
e.    Preserve    (Verb)            : Memelihara.
f.    Remnant    (Noun)        : Sisa/Bekas.
g.    Purify        (Verb)            : Memurnikan/membersihkan/mensucikan.
h.    Dish        (Noun)        : Hidangan.
i.    Cave        (Noun)        : Goa.
j.    Attractive    (Adjective)        : Menarik.
k.    Resemble    (Verb)            : Menterupai.

PASSIVE VOICE
Reminder :Only transitive verbs can be used in the passive voice.
Tenses
1.    Simple Present Tense
Active:  Dr. Boyke helps Tom
Passive: Tom is helped by Dr. Boyke
2.    Present Continuous Tense
Active: Dr. Boyke is helping Tom
Passive: Tom is being helped by Dr. Boyke

3.    Present Perfect
Active: Dr. Boyke has helped Tom
Passive:  Tom has been helped by Dr. Boyke
4.    Past Tense
Active: Dr. Boyke helped Tom
Passive: Tom was helped by Dr. Boyke
5.    Past Continuous
Aktive: Dr. Boyke was helping Tom
Passive: Tom was being helped by Dr. Boyke
6.    Past  Perfect
Active: Dr Boyke had helped Tom
Passive: Tom had been helped by Dr. Boyke
 

7.    Modal
Dr. Boyke is going to help Tom : Tom is going to be helped by Dr. Boyke
Dr. Boyke will help Tom: Tom will be helped by Dr. Boyke
Dr. Boyke can help Tom: Tom can be helped by Dr. Boyke
Dr. Boyke should help Tom: Tom should be helped by Dr. Boyke
Dr. Boyke ought to help Tom: Tom ought to be helped by Dr. Boyke
Dr. Boyke must help Tom: Tom must be helped by Dr. Boyke
Dr. Boyke has to help Tom: Tom has to be helped by Dr. Boyke
Dr. Boyke may help Tom: Tom may be helped by Dr. Boyke
Dr. Boyke might help Tom: Tom might be helped by Dr. Boyke

 

Exercise 1 

Change the following sentences into passive voice.
1.    The people present dishes to the holy spirits.
2.    The ancient people called the commander as “Petta Punggawa”
3.    Bone regency has produced rice greatly.
4.    Mampu cave will attract both of local and foreign tourists.
5.    The people must visit Bola Soba to see some of old traditions of Bone Kingdom.
 

Exercise 2

Find out all passive sentences from the Text above.
1.    The graveyard is considered quite important to be visited.
2.    Watampone tourism travel and tourist attractions popular destinations can be enumerated as below.
3.    …………………………………………………………..
4.    …………………………………………………………..
5.    …………………………………………………………..
6.    …………………………………………………………..

Tana Toraja Traditional Settlement

http://www.google.co.id/imgres?q=Toraja+sites&hl

Tana Toraja Traditional Settlement is a series of 10 traditional settlements or constituents of them, such as burial or ceremonial grounds. The properties are scattered within Tana Toraja Regency in the Province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Tana-Toraja occupies about 3.205 km2 of a relatively hilly terrain with plateaus rising from 300 to 2,800 meters above sea level.
The nominated Tana Toraja Traditional Settlement consists of 10 sites which are dispersed in the Tana Toraja Regency. Traditionally, a Toraja settlement consists of a compound of houses (tongkonan) and granaries (alangs), burials (liang), ceremonial grounds with menhirs (rante), rice-fields, bamboo forests, and grazing ground or pasture for buffalo and pigs. However, not all the nominated sites possess all the settlement components, on account of developmental changes in each site. A brief description of the nominated sites is provided in Identification of the Property. The following descriptions present some complementary information about each site.
The properties of the proposed Tana Toraja Traditional Settlement can be briefly described as follows:
1. Pallawa Site
Pallawa site is also a compound of houses and granaries. In total there are 11 houses and 15 granaries. Like many Toraja compounds, the Pallawa houses and granaries are arranged in two parallel rows aligned east-west direction. The houses face north, while the granaries face south. The entrance is situated in the western side of the compound. The ceremonial ground lies about 350 meters to the east.
2. Bori Parinding Site
The site of Bori Parinding is a combination of ceremonial grounds and burials. The ceremonial ground is an open space used for traditional ceremonies, including rituals for the dead and thanksgiving. More than a hundred menhirs stand on the ceremonial ground, each representing a feast of merit performed in the past by a person of high status. Human remains are placed in stone chambers carved out of huge stone boulders, which lies scattered around the ceremonial ground. There are five tongkonan compound spread around the area. Bamboo is now planted in some places around the ceremonial ground to replace the extinct bamboo forest of the traditional settlement.
3. Kande Api Site
The site of Kande Api consists of a compound of houses and granaries, ceremonial ground and burial places. There are 4 houses and 11 granaries within the compound. The houses and granaries stand respectively in the southeast and northwest, facing each other. An open space of about 20 meters wide runs the length of the compound, separating the houses and granaries. The ceremonial ground is an elevated piece of land lying about 75 meters southwest of the compound. A church has been built in the north-eastern corner, surrounded by a considerable number of standing menhirs. Towering limestone cliffs lie some 25-50 meters north of the compound. In the past, the foot of these hills served as a burial site for the Kande Api people.
4. Nanggala Site
Nanggala site is principally a compound of 2 houses (tongkonan) and 16 granaries (alang), arranged in rows and aligned east-west. The houses and granaries lie respectively on the southern and northern ends of the compound, facing each other. Between them, an open space is used for social interaction and family gatherings. The compound is surrounded by a low stone wall with an entrance on the western side. To the east lies the ceremonial ground (rante) and graveyard, where several wooden coffin houses (patane) are placed.
5a. Buntu Pune Site
Formerly, the sites of Buntu Pune and Rante Karassik belonged to one integrated settlement. Buntu Pune was the dwelling compound and Rante Karassik was the ceremonial ground. Although these sites are now separated due to recent development, the sites still function as they did in the past. In this nomination, therefore, both sites are considered as a single unit of traditional settlement and numbered 5a and 5b respectively.
5b. Rante Karassik Site
The site of Rante Karassik is a ceremonial ground on a sloping hill. As mentioned above, this site is actually a part of the Buntu Pune traditional settlement. Until today, the Buntu Pune people still use the ground for certain ceremonies, in particular those connected with death. Since Rante Karassik is situated quite far from the Buntu Pune compound, the two sites appear to be quite separate. Uniting them is no longer possible, since recent development has resulted in a dense population of the area in between.
6. Ke'te Kesu' Site
Among the nominated sites, Ke'te' Kesu' is the most complete settlement. The site consists of a compound of houses and granaries, burial place, ceremonial ground, ricefields and water-buffalo pasture. The cultural landscape around Ke'te' Kesu' makes this area one of the most beautiful places in Tana Toraja.
Ke'te Kesu' compound comprises 6 Tongkonan houses and 12 granaries. The houses and granaries are laid out in the traditional arrangement and one of the houses serves as a museum. To the north, at a distance of about 50 meters, lies the ceremonial ground, displaying more than 20 menhirs.
7. Pala' Toke' Site
The site of Pala Toke is principally a burial place located on a towering limestone hill, from where a rice field extends to the north, east and west. A compound of 4 houses and 5 granaries, as well as a ceremonial ground displaying menhirs, lies about 200 meters north of the burial place.
8. Londa Site
Londa is a grave site where two methods of burial are customary. Here, the coffins of ordinary people are placed in caves and crevices at the foot of the hill, while the remains of persons of higher rank rest in burial chambers carved from the wall of the limestone cliff. The latter are accompanied by Tau-tau, placed close to the chamber. The higher the status of the deceased, the higher the chamber, which can be situated as far as 50 meters from the ground.
9. Lemo Site
Lemo is also a cliff burial site with galleries of ancestor statues. In contrast to Londa, coffins here are not deposited in caves or crevices at the foot of the hill. To the north lies a compound of four granaries and one Tongkonan.
10. Tumakke Site
The site of Tumakke displays a distinctive traditional house built on a raised terrace. Although its construction is no different to the common Toraja dwelling, the saddle-like roof of the Tumakke house is covered with stone slabs measuring 50-60cm long, 30-40cm wide and 5-10cm thick. On the north-eastern side of the house, at a distance of some 5 meters, stands a small granary.

Source: http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5462/

Vocabullaries
a.    Settlement        (Verb)            : Perkampungan.
b.    scattered        (Adjective)        : Terpencar-pencar.
c.    Constituent        (Adjective)        : Unsur pokok.
d.    disperse        (Verb)            : Membubarkan
e.    Possess            (Verb)            : Memiliki/mempunyai
f.    Complementary    (Adjective)        : Saling mengisi/yang melengkapi.
g.    Granary(j.-ies)    (Noun)        : Alang/Lumbung.
h.    Extinct            (Adjective)        : Padam.
i.    Landscape        (Noun)        : Pemandangan (alam).
j.    Terrace        (Noun)        : Petak (Petak sawah).
k.    Chamber        (Noun)        : Ruangan/Kamar.


Exersice 1
Choose T if the statement is true and F if it is false based on to the text.
1. T – F Tana Toraja Traditional Settlement consists of 9 sites which are dispersed in the Tana Toraja Regency.
2. T – F Pallawa site is kind of compound houses and granaries.
3. T – F The Torajan people sometimes do their ceremonial grounds and burials in Pallawa site.
4. T – F In Londa site, the higher the status of the deceased, the higher the chamber.
5. T – F The name of all sites in Toraja was given by the higher ancestor.
6. T – F There are 4 houses and 11 granaries in Kande Api site.
7. T – F All sites in Toraja are places for the Burial ceremony.
8. T – F Tongkonan, Alang, and Liang are three kinds of traditional grave from Toraja.
9. T–F Every site is accompanied by Tau-tau, placed close to the chamber of sites.
10.T– F All sites of Toraja are on the same area.

Exersice 2
Answer the following questions based on the above text.
1.    What does the text tell us about?
2.    How many kinds of site in Toraja generally?
3.    What are the functions of all sites? Explain it!
4.    What is the purpose of the witer describing that material above?
5. How many kinds of grave from Torajan people? Tell us the differentiation each of grave!

Exersice 3
Write a descriptive text using register words above on “Vocabullaries” at least 100 words!

Kajang Tribe, a Unique Ethnic Forest People in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi

http://www.google.co.id/imgres?q=kajang+tribe&hl

The Kajang tribe or Kajang People or in Indonesian call it ‘suku Kajang’ is sub-ethnic to Makassar ethnic groups, who inhabited a particular area in the forest. The area and the people are quite isolated from other people of bulukumba. The head of this group who is ruled by a tribal and religious is called “ammatoa” and their land called it Tana Toa.
Ammatoa is a person who masters of “pasang ri kajang” an oral teaching of kajang people, which inherited from one generation to the others. The life of kajang centered to pasang which is not only rules the relation among man, man to the Creator but it covers the relation of man with the nature. To have a person chosen as ammatoa the congregation of elders attending the ritual will listen to the supernatural signs. It might be in a form of a buffalo suddenly come to someone house’s and stays there without precedents or a rooster fly in and stops at someone’s shoulder.
Kajang Tribe or Kajang People simplicity, it can be seen from their home, noun of the household furniture. There are no chairs or mattress and other modern stuff. They also do not use any electronic equipment, such as radio and television. They assume, of modernity to keep the tribe with nature and the ancestors.
When visitors visit Kajang Dalam, starting from the village gate till inside the village visitor can see the home of this tribe, all the houses are face to the west and built in from the same material made of wood, not only the material, shape is the same with roof symbol. They also regard it as a symbol of uniformity. They believe, if there is uniformity there would be no jealousy among the people Spare Kajang. Each house has only one bedroom, only the bride can used and sleep in these room.
Any visitors who want to visit village, they must be comply with all applicable customary rule to get into this village, visitors must not use modern transportation in the area of Kajang Dalam Village or Tana Toa, visitors should be walk. As an alternative, the visitors may only ride a horse to circle the Tana Toa.
The Kajang Tribe still hold, believes and teachings of their ancestors till this time. The teachings of the ancestors have an important meaning. Once the importance, they always run the various activities of life based on ancestral traditions.

Source: http://www.sulawesi-experience.com/news/kajang-tribe-bulukumba.html

Vocabullaries
a.    Inhabit        (Verb)            : Mendiami.
b.    Tribal        (Adjective)        : Suku.
c.    Inherit        (Verb)            : Mewarisi.
d.    Congregation    (Verb)            : Perkumpulan jema’ah.
e.    Nature        (Noun)    : Alam.
f.    Sign        (Noun)    : Tanda.
g.    Precedent    (Noun)    : Hak yang lebih tinggi.
h.    Simplicity    (Noun)    : Kesederhanaan.
i.    Ancestor    (Noun)    : Datuk/ Nenek moyang.
j.    Bride        (Noun)    : Pengantin wanita.

REPORT TEXT

Communicative Purpose
To describe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural, man-made and social phenomena in our environment.
Generic structure
a.    General classification    : introducing the thing that will be talked about.
b.    Description            : elaborating and reporting on the subject in detail.

Exercise 1
Choose T if the statement is true and F if it is false based on to the text. 

1. T – F The area and the people of Kajang are isolated from other people of Bulukumba.

2. T – F The life of Kajang people centered to a book called as “Pasang”.

3. T – F “Tanatoa” is the  name of the Kajang’s village. 

4. T – F The head of Kajang’s group will be chosen automatically, the son from the last “Ammatoa”.

5. T – F They does not have any bedroom, chair, mattress and also any electronic equipment such as radio and television.

7. T – F All the houses in “Tanatoa” are face to the east.

8. T – F Only the visitors that can use modern transportation to circle the “Tana Toa”.

9. T–F Kajang people believe that their tradition not to use any kind of modern stuff will make no jealousy among them.

10.T– F All of the people in Kajang still uphold their ancestral traditions until now.

Exercise 2
What do the words refer to?1. “It” (paragraph 1 line 1) refers to…
2. “Their” (paragraph 1 line 4) refers to…
3. “It” (paragraph 2 line 3) refers to…
4. “It” (paragraph 2 line 5) refers to…
5. “They” (paragraph 3 line 2) refers to…
6. “They” (paragraph 5 line 1) refers to…